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"Remote sensing" can be simply understood as "distant sensing"; broadly speaking, various non-contact, long-distance detection and information acquisition technologies are known as remote sensing. Based on the different platforms where remote sensing sensors are located, it can be divided into tower remote sensing, vehicle-mounted remote sensing, aviation remote sensing, and satellite remote sensing, among others, with satellite remote sensing using artificial satellites as its platform.
With the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology globally, a comprehensive system of global earth observation has emerged, incorporating various orbits, coordinating different satellites, and complementing various resolutions.
Satellite remote sensing technology has been widely applied in social services, especially in the area of meteorological disasters. Due to the distinct radiation spectra of ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, methane, aerosol optical thickness, and inhalable particulate matter concentrations, we can use the spectral characteristic values of atmospheric scattering and absorption provided by satellite remote sensing to perform inversions. This allows us to obtain the concentrations of various components in the atmosphere, achieving atmospheric environment monitoring, and better weather prediction.
The light recognition equipment on satellites can generate monitoring cloud maps in different colors for land, seawater, ice, and snow, thereby identifying these geographic features, for example, seawater appears black, land appears gray, and ice and snow appear white. Infrared equipment can reflect changes in air temperature, and through the macro conditions reflected by the cloud maps, it can depict the water distribution in the atmosphere and the rainfall distribution map.
Applying satellite remote sensing technology to weather and climate detection can further expand the scope of atmospheric pollution monitoring, greatly enhancing urban atmospheric pollution monitoring capabilities and levels. We can not only understand the total amount and horizontal distribution of pollutants through satellite remote sensing but also further obtain their vertical profiles, aiding in a deeper understanding of pollutant distribution and transport characteristics.
Moreover, satellite remote sensing can help save measurement costs. Solely relying on weather balloons, airplanes, rockets, and radar for vertical distribution measurement is extremely costly and doesn't fulfill the requirements for large-scale atmospheric pollution monitoring.
Conversely, by comprehensively using satellite remote sensing technology to obtain ground monitoring air quality data, multi-source satellite remote sensing aerosol products, satellite remote sensing fire point products, and geostationary satellite images, we can analyze the correlation between aerosol optical thickness and atmospheric fine particulate matter mass concentration.
This helps establish satellite remote sensing estimation models for the mass concentration of fine particulates, providing more effective technical methods for remote sensing monitoring of atmospheric pollution.
Furthermore, satellite remote sensing technology has formed a multi-source remote sensing monitoring model in meteorological disaster investigations. It combines various monitoring methods to analyze changes in meteorological disasters, predict meteorological characteristics, and form a meteorological database. Through data analysis and processing, it can foresee whether meteorological disasters will occur and their severity, enabling early preventive measures to be taken to avoid impacts on human life.
Not limited to weather and climate monitoring, innovation in satellite remote sensing technology continues in every field. Whether it's the successful launch of the first satellite capable of CO₂ laser detection, the proposal of "medicine+remote sensing" satellites, or the practical application of multi-source remote sensing satellite collaborative sensing technology, all indicate that in the future, satellite remote sensing technology will become more instantaneous, diversified, networked, integrating next-generation AI, big data, and 5G technologies.
This will promote remote sensing applications toward greater intelligence, popularity, industrialization, and comprehensiveness. Enhanced information networks have elevated the levels, angles, spectral bands, and dimensions of satellite remote sensing observations, resulting in tremendous, varied, and dynamically changing data that holds significant value.
Satellite remote sensing technology, based on multispectral image data, continues to grow and develop. It is believed that, with continuous integration and improvement of its technology, satellite remote sensing technology will eventually bring immeasurable contributions to humanity.